Maintaining Device Security

¹ “The Hidden Dangers of Outdated Software: A Cyber Security Perspective”, by Thiyagarajan, G and Bist, V, May 2025

Maintaining strong security over time is just as important as setting it up in the first place. Even the most secure device or network can become vulnerable if isn’t maintained properly, because threats evolve constantly and attackers adapt quickly. Many people assume that once their system is set up, the job is done, but security is an ongoing process. Regular habits and routine checkups help ensure that your defenses stay strong and that new vulnerabilities don’t creep in. Don’t be discouraged, though, keeping your security solid really doesn’t take all that much effort or time, just a few habits to check in every so often.

Forgive me for sounding like a broken record, but one of the most impactful things you can do is keep everything updated. Operating systems, apps, browsers, and even firmware on routers and smart home gadgets receive patches when developers discover security issues. Attackers monitor these updates closely and attempt to target people who haven’t installed them yet. According to a 2025 TechTarget survey, 32% of cyberattacks exploit unpatched software vulnerabilities.¹ Turning on automatic updates wherever possible massively reduces the window of opportunity for an attack. For devices that don’t update automatically, setting a monthly reminder helps ensure nothing slips through the cracks. By doing this, you’re letting the developers do the heavy lifting and all you have to do is make sure their work is implemented on your devices.

Password hygiene also plays a big role in long term security. Over time, old passwords can leak in data breaches, often without the user even knowing. Reusing the same password across multiple accounts makes this more dangerous, because one breach can unlock several services at once. The best recommendation is to use a password manager to help you generate and store unique, strong passwords without having to memorize them. It’s also a good idea to periodically check for compromised passwords through your password manager or trusted online tools.

Multi-factor authentication is another cornerstone of ongoing security. Even if a password is stolen, MFA reduces the chance that an attacker can log into your account. However, MFA settings should be reviewed occasionally. Make sure you’re using the strongest option available: app based authenticators or hardware keys are much more secure than SMS codes, which can be targeted through SIM-swapping attacks. Also review your recovery methods to make sure you won’t get locked out if you lose access to your primary device.

Backing up your data is essential not only for hardware failures but also for recovering from malware attacks like ransomware. Regular, automated backups to a cloud service or an external drive give you peace of mind that your important files are safe. For sensitive data, encrypted backups add an extra layer of protection. It’s also important to occasionally verify that your backups are actually working, many people discover too late that their backup system failed months earlier.

It’s a good idea to practice periodic reviews on your accounts and devices to look for any unusual activity that may not have been you. A lot of online services allow you to check recent login attempts, connected devices, and cross-platform connections. This helps you spot suspicious activity like logins from unfamiliar locations or third party apps you don’t remember approving. Reviewing this information twice a year is enough to catch most issues early before they escalate.

Over time, digital clutter (unused apps, old browser extensions, forgotten cloud accounts, etc.) can accumulate. These things may still have permissions or access to your data even if you don’t use them anymore. Apps and extensions can also develop vulnerabilities that are no longer patched if they’ve been abandoned by the developer. Cleaning up unused software is a simple step that removes unnecessary risk. Keeping your web browsers clean and updated is equally important. Browser extensions, in particular, can become major security risks because they have access to everything you view online. Only install extensions from reputable developers, review their permissions, and remove any you don’t truly need.

Your home network also needs occasional attention. Routers and other Wi-Fi systems should be kept up to date, just like any other device. Twice a year, it’s worth logging into the admin panel to check for firmware updates, review connected devices, and confirm that settings like WPA3 encryption are still in place. This helps you spot unexpected devices on your network that might indicate unauthorized access.

Email and messaging habits should stay sharp over time as well. Phishing remains the most common attack method because it targets human behavior rather than technology. Even security-aware people can be caught off guard if they’re rushed or distracted. Staying cautious with unsolicited attachments, unknown links, or unexpected requests for personal information is one of the most consistent long-term defenses you can maintain.

Finally, it’s important to remember that maintaining security is not a one time task but a set of habits. By building security routines like updates, reviews, cleanups, backups, and careful online behavior, you create a layered defense that ages well. Threats will continue to evolve, but staying proactive helps ensure that you stay one step ahead.